On April 18, 2023, the Supreme Court heard oral argument from three whistleblowers requesting that the Court revive their lawsuits against retail pharmacies SuperValue and Safeway. See https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/04/justices-will-consider-false-claims-in-two-pharmacy-cases/. The whistleblowers accused the companies of unlawfully pocketing millions of taxpayer dollars by knowingly overbilling government health insurance programs for prescription drugs. The whistleblowers brought the case under the False Claims Act—the government’s primary anti-fraud statute. Under the FCA, a defendant is liable for “knowingly” submitting a false claim to the government for payment. Knowledge can constitute either actual knowledge, deliberate ignorance, or reckless disregard.