Large frauds can generate hundreds of thousands of false claims for payment. The whistleblowers who uncover such frauds rarely have proof of every single false claim. Instead, they will usually have evidence of the overarching scheme—from emails, company memos, or conversations with insiders—along with some examples of the false claims that the scheme has generated. Now more than ever, that could be enough to win, as long as the whistleblower and their lawyers know how to use inferential statistics to their advantage.